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The intriguing system of caves found in the area served as housing for the inhabitants of Arbel. A thriving Jewish settlement was established in this area bestowing vital historical and strategic importance on two occasions: during the reign of King Herod (37-4 BC) and during the Jewish rebellion against the Romans (66-73 AD), then Arbel was fortified. Archeological ruins from this period can still be found at the site, including a large communal building, which doubled as a synagogue.